Verbs are the engine of a sentence. Someone who knows twenty verbs can say more than someone who knows a hundred nouns. That makes verb vocabulary the highest-return investment in Russian.

But there's a catch: most "100 Russian verbs" lists give you half the picture. They print the verb and its translation, and stop there. In Russian you need two more pieces of information before you can actually use a verb.

Why this list is different

1. The aspect partner. Russian verbs come in pairs: де́лать (the process) and сде́лать (completed). Learn only one half and you cannot build the past or future correctly. Every verb here has its partner in its own column.

2. The case the verb governs. In Russian the verb decides what form its object takes — this is called verb government (глаго́льное управле́ние). Знать takes the accusative, помога́ть takes the dative, по́льзоваться takes the instrumental. Without this, you can know the word and still build a wrong sentence:

Я зна́ю Анто́на.I know Anton. (accusative) Я помога́ю Анто́ну.I help Anton. (dative) Я по́льзуюсь словарём.I use a dictionary. (instrumental)

Same noun, three different forms. What changes it is the verb. The last column of every table below tells you exactly that.

For a refresher on the cases themselves: The Six Russian Cases.

How to read the tables

Column Meaning
Verb The imperfective form with stress marked — how you'll find it in a dictionary
English Its meaning
Aspect pair The perfective form; "—" means there's no single common partner, or it varies by context
Takes The case its object goes into; "—" means it takes no direct object

The essentials

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
быть to be instrumental
жить to live прожить prepositional
есть to eat съесть accusative
пить to drink выпить accusative
де́лать to do/make сделать accusative
знать to know узнать accusative
хоте́ть to want захотеть accusative
мочь can / to be able смочь + infinitive

Thinking and knowing

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
понима́ть to understand понять accusative
ду́мать to think подумать prepositional
по́мнить to remember accusative
забыва́ть to forget забыть accusative
реша́ть to solve/decide решить accusative
ве́рить to believe dative / в + accusative
интересова́ться to be interested in instrumental
зна́чить to mean accusative

Communication

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
говори́ть to speak/talk сказать prepositional
спра́шивать to ask спросить accusative
отвеча́ть to answer/reply ответить dative
звони́ть to call (phone) позвонить dative
дава́ть to give дать dative + accusative
расска́зывать to tell/narrate рассказать accusative + dative
пока́зывать to show показать accusative + dative
объясня́ть to explain объяснить accusative + dative
проси́ть to ask/request попросить accusative
обеща́ть to promise dative + accusative

Everyday actions

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
чита́ть to read прочитать accusative
писа́ть to write написать accusative
слу́шать to listen послушать accusative
игра́ть to play поиграть prepositional
иска́ть to search/look for accusative
находи́ть to find найти accusative
помога́ть to help помочь dative
открыва́ть to open открыть accusative
закрыва́ть to close закрыть accusative
брать to take взять accusative
приноси́ть to bring принести accusative
ждать to wait подождать accusative / genitive
выбира́ть to choose выбрать accusative
оставля́ть to leave / to keep оставить accusative
начина́ть to start/begin начать accusative
конча́ть to finish/end кончить accusative
петь to sing спеть accusative
по́льзоваться to use / to take advantage of instrumental
занима́ться to be occupied with / to study / to exercise instrumental
стара́ться to try / to do one's best + infinitive
собира́ться to plan to / to gather + infinitive

Motion

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
идти́ to go (one way) пойти
ходи́ть to go/walk (multidirectional/regularly)
е́хать to go by vehicle поехать
е́здить to go by vehicle (multidirectional/regularly)
приходи́ть to come/arrive (on foot) прийти
уходи́ть to leave/go away (on foot) уйти
бежа́ть to run
бе́гать to run (habitual)
плыть to swim/sail
лете́ть to fly
спеши́ть to hurry/rush поспешить
нести́ to carry (by hand) accusative

Perception

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
ви́деть to see увидеть accusative
смотре́ть to watch/look посмотреть accusative
слы́шать to hear accusative
каза́ться to seem dative + instrumental

Daily routine

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
спать to sleep
просыпа́ться to wake up проснуться
встава́ть to get up/stand up встать
мыть to wash помыть accusative
чи́стить to clean / to brush почистить accusative
надева́ть to put on (clothing) надеть accusative
снима́ть to take off / to rent / to film снять accusative

Shopping and money

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
покупа́ть to buy купить accusative
продава́ть to sell продать accusative
плати́ть to pay заплатить accusative
сто́ить to cost accusative
зака́зывать to order заказать accusative

Eating out

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
обе́дать to have lunch пообедать
у́жинать to have dinner/supper поужинать
про́бовать to try/taste попробовать accusative
рекомендова́ть to recommend accusative + dative

Emotions

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
улыба́ться to smile улыбнуться dative
смея́ться to laugh над + instrumental
пла́кать to cry
наде́яться to hope на + accusative
ра́доваться to be happy / to rejoice dative

Social life

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
приглаша́ть to invite пригласить accusative
поздравля́ть to congratulate поздравить accusative
соглаша́ться to agree согласиться с + instrumental
здорова́ться to greet / to say hello с + instrumental
проща́ться to say goodbye с + instrumental
догова́риваться to agree / to make an arrangement с + instrumental

Study and work

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
учи́ться to study (be a student) научиться prepositional
учи́ть to learn / memorize выучить accusative
повторя́ть to repeat повторить accusative
поступа́ть to apply/enroll поступить в + accusative
сдава́ть to take an exam / to hand in сдать accusative
рабо́тать to work поработать
станови́ться to become стать instrumental

Position

Verb English Aspect pair (pf.) Takes
стоя́ть to stand постоять prepositional
сиде́ть to sit prepositional
лежа́ть to lie (be in horizontal position) prepositional

What to do with this list

Treat each aspect pair as one card. чита́ть/прочита́ть isn't two words — it's two faces of one word. Learning them separately costs double and teaches half.

Learn the case together with the verb. "помога́ть = to help" is incomplete; the real entry is "помога́ть + dative". Learn it that way from the start and you won't have to unlearn it later — and unlearning a wrong case habit is one of the slowest repairs in Russian.

Start with twenty. The first two groups (The essentials + Thinking and knowing) plus Communication carry most everyday speech. The rest arrive as you need them.

Hear them. Stress carries meaning in Russian and it moves inside a paradigm (хочу́ but хо́чешь). A verb learned only by reading won't be recognised in speech.


The Verbs section in Glagol drills these with full conjugation tables, aspect partners and native audio. The stress marks and case information in this article come from the app's own verb data — what you see here is what you'll find inside.